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1992-09-01
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Wesley B. Loewer's
Plotting Programs
version 1.5
(C) 1990-92, Wesley B. Loewer
Manual Updated: September 1, 1992
Page 2
Table of Contents
Topic Page
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
What's New . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Latest Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Installing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Common Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Enter Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Special Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Algebraic Order of Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Saving & Retrieving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
PCX Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Revision History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Custom Distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
In Closing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Plotting Programs
Page 3
Introduction:
These plotting programs were designed to help students understand graphs a
little better by allowing them to quickly plot a graph to see what the
function looks like. Often, students get bogged down in button pushing and
point-by-point plotting and fail to grasp the real significance behind the
graph. The goal of these programs is to eliminate the busy work of
plotting, freeing the student to proceed to higher level thinking.
Speaking of free, that's one of the nice things about these programs. (See
the "In Closing" section on page 16 of this document for the conditions in
which this program may be used without charge.) These may not be the best
plotting programs that you can find, but you can't beat them for the price.
I have tried to include as many features that I thought students and
teachers could actually use. Please distribute to anyone who can use them.
What's New:
Below are the more significant new features added since the last released
version.
Added extensive context sensitive on-line help.
The distribution was changed so that all of the different modules of
WL-Plot were combined into a single executable file. This reduces the
size of the distributed archive file considerably. A stand alone
module version is still available.
Now accepts special characters in variable, constant, and function
names such as π, φ, ß, √, and Γ. (see Special Characters on p. 8)
Removed the need for parentheses after functions. A space is still
required after a function name to distinguish it from a user defined
variable.
Examples: sin Θ is allowed for sin(Θ)
√ x is allowed for √(x)
Improved the cursor movement for easier editing of equations.
Added the unary function "gamma."
Plotting Programs
Page 4
Latest Version:
The latest version of WL-Plot can be found at
Data Warp Premium BBS Tranquility Base BBS
(713) 355-6107 (713) 893-9124
Spring, Texas Spring, Texas
WL-Plot is distributed as WLPLT???.*, where the ??? represents the version
number and the * is either ZIP or ARJ. When passing WL-Plot along to
others, you must include all the files and documentation. Currently, the
compressed archive contains the following files:
wlplot.exe wlplot.doc wlplot.hlp helvb.fon sample files
See p.15 for information on ordering custom distributions.
Hardware:
Because WL-Plot was produced mainly for classroom use, care was taken to
make certain that the programs would work on the limited equipment which is
still being used in many schools.
Required - You will need an IBM-compatible computer with DOS version 2.0 or
later. The program should work with as little as 260K of available memory
for full VGA mode, 240K for CGA mode. Because DOS itself can take up about
40-50K, the standard version of WL-Plot will not work on computers with
only 256K of memory installed. (See p. 15 of this document for details for
ordering the stand alone version that will work on 256K computers.) The
program can be run from either a 360k or higher floppy drive or a hard
drive. You will also need some sort of graphics capability, either CGA,
EGA, MCGA, VGA, or Hercules. If the Hercules adapter is being used, the
utility MSHERC must run first before starting WL-Plot. The stand-alone
Curve Fitting program can run in a limited fashion without any graphics
capability.
Optional - A mouse is quite useful but not necessary. A math coprocessor
will significantly speed up the plotting process.
Installing WL-Plot:
To install WL-Plot, simply copy the all the files to a floppy disk or hard
drive. If disk space is limited, such as with a bootable 360k floppy
system disk, then copy only the required files: WLPLOT.EXE, WLPLOT.HLP,
HELVB.FON.
The environmental variable WLPLOTHELP can be set at the DOS command line to
indicate a different drive or directory for the WL-Plot help file. For
example:
SET WLPLOTHELP=D:\TMP
indicates that the help file, WLPLOT.HLP, is located in the D: drive in the
\TMP subdirectory. The use of WLPLOTHELP is purely option and is not
necessary if the help file is in the current directory.
Plotting Programs
Page 5
Getting Started:
Start the program by typing "wlplot" at the DOS prompt. The user will be
presented with the following choices.
Assortment of Plotting Programs
Functions
Plots functions in Cartesian, Polar, or Parametric form. Functions
may be entered in either Algebraic or RPN (Reverse Polish Notation,
also called post-fix notation) modes. Allows grids, logarithmic
scales, up to 10 user defined variables, separate control over viewing
window and domain, and a library of over 75 built in operators,
functions, and constants (see page 9).
Conic Sections
Plots parabolas, circles, ellipses, and hyperbolas. Also shows focal
points and asymptotes.
Derivatives
Plots functions along with 1st and 2nd derivatives.
Relation Plotter
A somewhat slow but extremely powerful plotter for graphing relations
that are not necessarily functions, such as "y=abs(x)^sin(y)." It can
also graph a system of inequalities, such as "y < 0.5x and x > 1 and
x*y < 2." It is also good for those situations where it is just too
difficult or even impossible to solve for y, such as "x^2+x*y^3-1-
y=0."
Bifurcations
A bifurcation fractal plotter. Demonstrates concepts such as Chaos
and period doubling. To see an example, try the population equation
r*p*(1-p) with initial value=0.5, x min=1, x max=4, y min=0, y max=1,
with r as the independent variable and p as the dependent. It's slow
so be patient.
Curve Fitting
Fits a line or curve to a set of data points. Uses linear,
logarithmic, exponential, power, and up to 9th degree polynomial
models. (The stand alone version of this program can run without a
graphics adapter card. Graphics is not needed to calculate the
coefficients of the best fit line or curve such as slope and
intercept. Graphics capability is needed, however, if the curve is to
be displayed on the screen or printed.) Up the 1500 data points are
allowed.
Use CGA Graphics
Sometimes it is necessary to force WL-Plot to use CGA graphics, even
if VGA is available. This could be due to having a very limited
amount of memory, or trying to print with a version of DOS prior to
4.0.
Exit
Exits the program.
Plotting Programs
Page 6
The above menu can be skipped by indicating the desired module on the
command line. For example,
wlplot function
will cause WL-Plot to go straight to the function plotting module. The
full syntax is
wlplot [cga] [f[unction]] [co[nic]] [d[erivative]]
[r[elation]] [b[ifurcation]] [cu[rve-fit]] [cf[it]]
where the characters between the []'s are optional. The module name need
not be entered in full. All that is required is enough of the name to make
it unique. For example, the following are valid
wlplot co is acceptable for conic
wlplot d is acceptable for derivative
wlplot cu is acceptable for curve-fit
wlplot cf is also acceptable for curve-fit (cfit)
while
wlplot c is ambiguous between conic and curve-fit.
The "cga" option forces the use of CGA graphics, even if VGA is available.
This may be needed to print in older versions of DOS or to run with less
memory.
Common Features:
All of the modules share a similar user interface. Below is a summary of a
few features that are common to most of the modules. For a detailed
description, see the help file, WLPLOT.HLP. This help file is specially
formatted for WL-Plot, but can be view by any text editor. See the end of
WLPLOT.HLP for details on the use of the Generate Help Utility (GH.COM) and
how to safely modify the help file. The information in this help file is
available from within the program by pressing the <F1> key. With the
Hercules Graphics Adapter, the <F1> help feature is available only after a
graph has been plotted.
After selecting a particular module from the main menu, another menu
appears on the screen with several groups of options listed together. To
move from one group to another, you can use the following keys:
Function key (ex. <F3>) - moves to a particular group
<Tab> - moves to the next group
<Shift-Tab> - move to the previous group
To move to different options within a group, use the up and down arrow
keys. If you have a mouse, simply point the mouse arrow to the desired
selection and click the left mouse button. A ">" will appear at the left
of the selected option. There are four different types of options on the
menu screen. Each type is explained with an example.
Plotting Programs
Page 7
Toggle type The option is turned on or off by pressing the
space bar, the return key, or clicking on the
option with the left mouse button. If an X
appears in the parenthesis, the option is turned
on.
Example:
(X) Grid The grid is turned on.
Example:
( ) Grid The grid is turned off.
Choice type A list of choices is presented. A choice is
selected by pressing the space bar, the return
key, or clicking on the choice with the left mouse
button.
Example:
( ) Cartesian The list presented on the left can only have one
( ) Polar choice between them. In this case, the Polar
(*) Parametric graph is selected, so the graph cannot be
Cartesian or Parametric.
Example:
(2) Cartesian The Cartesian type graph has been selected. The
( ) Polar "2" indicates that 2 equations will be
( ) Parametric simultaneously plotted. A "1" would indicate a
single equation would be plotted.
Action type Selecting an action option causes something
immediately to be done. An action is activated by
pressing the space bar, the return key, or
clicking the left mouse button.
Example:
Save Saves current equations and settings to disk.
Dialogue type The program expects a response from you, such as a
value or an equation.
Example: The user is expected to enter in a function such
ƒ(x) = as "sin(x)"
Example: The user is expected to enter a number such as
x min = "-2.5" or "2π"
Entering Information:
When entering numeric values or functions, the following cursor keys are
provided to make editing easier.
<Home>- Moves cursor to beginning of the line.
<End> - Moves cursor to end of the line.
<Left> - Moves cursor to one character to the left.
<Right> - Moves cursor to one character to the right.
<Ctrl-Left> - Moves cursor to previous word.
<Ctrl-Right> - Moves cursor to next word.
<Left-Mouse> - Moves cursor to any location.
Plotting Programs
Page 8
When entering functions, certain rules must be followed in order for the
equation parser to be able to correctly interpret the function.
Algebraic Mode
Implied multiplication is performed when a number is followed by a
function, variable, or constant.
Examples: 2x, 3 y, 2sin(1.5π) are all valid.
Variable names must start with a non-digit, but may contain digits.
Examples: x, m1, Θ, _1f2 are all legal variable names.
2x, 1m, 1_f2 are not valid names
(interpreted as multiplication).
Function names can be followed by a parenthesis.
Examples: sin(Θ), 3cos(2π), Γ(2.1), √(x) are all valid.
sinΘ, cosa+b, √x are not valid.
Functions names can be followed by spaces. A pair of parentheses are
implied to be surrounding the first term following the function name.
(See Algebraic Order of Operations on p. 11 for evaluation order of
implied parentheses.)
Examples: sin Θ, 3cos 2π, Γ 2.1, √ x are all valid.
RPN Mode
All variables, constants and function names must be separated by
spaces.
Examples: 2 x * sin is valid.
2x sin is not valid.
Special Characters:
Name Symbol Key Stroke
alpha α <Ctrl-A>
beta ß <Ctrl-B>
delta δ <Ctrl-D>
epsilon ε <Ctrl-E>
phi φ <Ctrl-F>
Phi Φ <Ctrl-Shift-F>
gamma τ <Ctrl-G>
Gamma Γ <Ctrl-Shift-G>
mu µ <Ctrl-M>
omega Ω <Ctrl-O>
pi π <Ctrl-P>
sigma σ <Ctrl-S>
Sigma Σ <Ctrl-Shift-S>
theta Θ <Ctrl-T>
squared ² <Ctrl-2>
square-root √ <Ctrl-Shift-2>
Plotting Programs
Page 9
Functions and Constants:
The following functions and constants are predefined by the WL-Plot:
Constants:
3.141592653589793 pi or π
2.718281828459045 e
Binary functions:
add x+y
subtract x-y
multiply x*y or 2x
divide x/y
exponentiation x^y
modulus x mod y or mod(x,y)
combination comb(n,r)
permutation perm(n,r)
maximum max(x,y)
minimum min(x,y)
Unary functions:
negation -x or neg(x)
inverse inv(x)
square root sqrt(x) or √(x)
square sq(x) or x²
round round(x)
ceiling ceil(x) round up
floor floor(x) round down
integer int(x) truncate decimal
fractional frac(x)
absolute value abs(x)
sign sign(x)
factorial fact(n) or n!
gamma gamma(x) or Γ(x)
is value real? isreal(x)
Trigonometry functions: (in radians)
sine sin(x)
inverse sine asin(x) or arcsin(x)
cosine cos(x)
inverse cosine acos(x) or arccos(x)
tangent tan(x)
inverse tan atan(x) or arctan(x)
inverse tan2 atan2(x,y) or arctan2(x,y)
cotangent cot(x)
inverse cot acot(x) or arccot(x)
secant sec(x)
inverse sec asec(x) or arcsec(x)
cosecant csc(x)
inverse csc acsc(x) or arccsc(x)
rad to deg raddeg(x)
deg to rad degrad(x)
Plotting Programs
Page 10
Logarithm related functions:
natural log ln(x)
exponential exp(x)
common log log(x)
antilog alog(x) or antilog(x)
log base n logb(n,x)
hyperbolic sin sinh(x)
inverse sinh asinh(x)
hyperbolic cos cosh(x)
inverse cosh acosh(x)
hyperbolic tan tanh(x)
inverse tanh atanh(x)
Bessel functions:
1st kind, 0 j_0(x)
1st kind, 1 j_1(x)
1st kind, n j_n(n,x)
2nd kind, 0 y_0(x)
2nd kind, 1 y_1(x)
2nd kind, n y_n(n,x)
Trinary Function:
conditional if if(b,t,f)
if b is true then use t, else use f.
ex: if(x>=0,3x,x^2)
The "if" is probably the single most powerful function here. It allows the
user to perform branching of sorts. Nested if's are allowed. For example
the following pseudo-code
if x < 2
then y = 3x^2
else if x < 5
then y = 6x
else
y = x^2+5
can be coded Algebraically as
if( x<2, 3x^2, if( x<5, 6x, x^2+5))
or in RPN as
x 2 < 3 x sq * x 5 < 6 x * x sq 5 + if if
Boolean Comparisons: (evaluates to 1 if true, 0 if false)
less than a<b
greater than a>b
less than or equal to a<=b
greater than or equal to a>=b
equal to a=b
not equal to a<>b
and a and b or and(a,b)
or a or b or or(a,b)
exclusive or a xor b or xor(a,b)
In numeric comparisons, non-real values cannot be compared except in the
case of "<>" when a real and a non-real are always considered to be not
equal. In boolean comparisons, non-real values are considered false. This
leads to the interesting result that "sqrt(-1)>0" and "sqrt(-1)<0" are both
considered false, and "not(sqrt(-1)>0)" and "not(sqrt(-1)<0" are both
considered true.
Plotting Programs
Page 11
Stack Functions: (available in RPN mode only)
duplicate bottom element dup or push
drop bottom element drop or pop
swap bottom two elements swap
recall stack element n n rcl
store in stack element n n sto
roll bottom n elements n roll
n must be a number.
If n is positive the stack rolls down, a negative n rolls up
Functions may be entered in either Algebraic or RPN notation. Although the
Algebraic mode is recommended for general use, RPN mode has been provided
for compatibility with RPN calculators. Also, complicated equations can
often be written more easily in RPN notation. In Algebraic mode, all
standard rules of order of operation are obeyed.
Algebraic Order of Operations:
highest parentheses ()
functions
^
* / mod
implied parentheses following functions
+ -
= <>
< <= > >=
and
xor
lowest or
Examples:
Algebraic: a+b*sin(c*(t-d))
RPN: a b c t d - * sin * +
Alebraic: sin 2x + 1 (interpreted as sin(2x) + 1)
RPN: 2 x * sin 1 +
Algebraic: (2x-1)(3x^2.5+2) (note: the '*' is optional)
RPN: 2 x * 1 - 3 x 2.5 ^ * 2 + *
Algebraic: -1^2 (note: ^ is executed first. The result is -1)
RPN: 1 2 ^ neg
Algebraic: (-1)^2 (note: - is executed first. The result is +1)
RPN: -1 2 ^ or 1 neg 2 ^
Algebraic: -(1-3)^2 (result is -4)
RPN: 1 3 - 2 ^ neg
Algebraic: 2(3(4+sin(.5)))^6 (result is 11778539.8142)
RPN: 2 3 4 .5 sin + * 6 ^ *
Algebraic: max(a,b)
RPN: a b max
Algebraic: if(x>-2 and x<=2, 3x+2, abs(x))
RPN: x -2 > x 2 <= and 3 x * 2 + x abs if
Plotting Programs
Page 12
Saving & Retrieving:
When a Save or Retrieve action is selected, the main menu is cleared and
another screen appears at the top of the screen prompting you for a file
name to use to save the data. You can type in a file name, or if you have
a mouse, double click on a file name listed. You do not have to put an
extension on your file names. (For example, the file name "abcd.efg" has
the extension is ".efg".) A default extension will be appended to
filenames which do not have an explicit extension.
PCX Format:
The PCX format is a graphics format commonly used by other software, such
as painting, word processing, and desk-top publishing programs. Therefore,
graphs saved with the "Save-PCX" option can be imported into these other
programs. The filename extension for PCX files is ".pcx".
Variables:
These programs can use up to 10 variables at a time. To indicate which
variable is to be the horizontal independent variable, move to that
variable in the "Variables" menu and enter an "i" or an "h". The message
"<independent variable>" will then appear. Some programs allow you to
declare a variable as the vertical dependent variable by entering a "d" or
"v". To get rid of old variables, select the "Purge Unused Variables"
option.
Printing:
To print a graph directly to a printer, DOS's GRAPHICS utility must be
loaded before starting the plotting menu. When you have a graph that you
would like printed, press the <Shift-PrtSc> key (or just <PrntScrn> key on
enhanced keyboards). See your DOS manual for details of the GRAPHICS
command. Note that DOS version 3.3 and earlier can only print CGA mode
graphics while version 4.0 and later can print EGA and VGA graphics as
well. You can force the plotting program to use CGA mode graphics by
starting the program with "wlplot cga". This allows you to print the
screen, even if your DOS version is prior to 4.0, even if you have a VGA
card. You can also print a screen by saving it to a file by selecting
"Save-PCX" and then importing the PCX file into a painting or word
processing program. This allows you to merge plots with other graphics
into a document. (See "PCX Format" above.) WL-Plot is also compatible
with the Microsoft Windows (tm) "copy to clipboard" feature using the
<PrntScrn> key.
Plotting Programs
Page 13
Revision History
1.5 Now accepts special characters in variable, constant, and function
names such as π, φ, ß, √, and Γ. (see Special Characters on p. 8)
Added the unary function "gamma."
Removed the need for parentheses after functions. A space is still
required after a function name to distinguish it from a user defined
variable.
Examples: sin Θ is allowed for sin(Θ)
√ x is allowed for √(x)
Improved the cursor movement for easier editing of equations.
Added the RPN Mode function names "push" and "pop" to be synonyms for
"dup" and "drop" respectively.
The distribution was changed so that all of the different modules of
WL-Plot were combined into a single executable file. This reduces the
size of the distributed .exe file to less than 40% of the size of
previous distributions. See Custom Distributions below (p. 15) if you
have need for stand alone modules or a non-overlaid program.
The short-cut keys for zooming in on a graph were changed to from <F1>
and <F2> to <F3> and <F4> so that <F1> could be reserved for use as
the context sensitive help key.
The equation is no longer printed on the screen when the graph is
plotted. This feature had to be dropped since the .fon font file does
not support extended ASCII characters such as π or Γ.
Added extensive context sensitive on-line help.
Moved much of the documentation from WLPLOT.DOC to WLPLOT.HLP.
Changed the name of the Standard Form conic equation to the General
Form conic equation to be more consistent with text books.
Fixed some problems with Hercules graphics adapters. Also added
MSHERC.COM to the distribution for Hercules users. Still does not
return from the <F1> help feature correctly unless a plot has already
been graphed. (I haven't got a clue as to why.)
The prompts for real number values can now accept multiples of pi by
using <Ctrl-P> to produce "π" as in "2.5π" or "-π" which causes the
value to be multiplied. Multiplication of a number by pi is the only
operation allowed.
1.12 Fix a bug in the Conic Section plotter that would occasionally cause
the program to abort when trying to plot a General Form equation.
1.11 Changed maximum equation length from 80 characters to 200.
Now prevents steps=0, which caused "division by zero" problems. Also
now correctly reports large number of steps.
Plotting Programs
Page 14
In the Conic Section program, added the automatic conversion to the
General form.
1.1 Changed the menu program filename from the more descriptive
"plotmenu.exe" to the more rewarding "wlplot.exe." Also changed the
name of the relation plotter from "last.exe" to "relat.exe."
The name of the trinary function "ifte" (if-then-else) was shortened
to "if." The name "ifte" is still legal for the sake of
compatibility.
Changed the method of error trapping to allow better handling of the
if(boolean,true statement,false statement). Now,
if( x<0 , x , sqrt(x) )
is properly evaluated when x<0. Before, both the true and false
statements had to evaluate to a real number in order for the result to
be evaluated. Now, only the final answer of an expression must
evaluate to a real number.
Added the unary function "isreal" (is it real)
Changed the names of the Bessel functions from j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, and
yn to j_0, j_1, j_n, y_0, y_1, and y_n.
The Relation Plotter was speeded up considerably. It is also
considerably more accurate. This speed and accuracy improvement is a
consequence of having the program automatically reduce the pixel
resolution value at the borders between two regions. (Thanks goes to
The Stone Soup Group's Fractint for the "solid guessing" speed up
concept.)
The way in which numeric values are converted into boolean values was
changed. Values greater than zero are considered true, while values
less than or equal to zero are false. Also, non-real values are
considered false. Previously, only values equal to zero were
considered false and non-real values were not evaluated at all.
An option to turn the axis on or off has been added. If Show Axis is
turned off, then the function is graphed on a blank screen. Show Axis
overrides the Grid option.
Selecting "Save" now stores the current equation(s) and settings to a
file. Previously, a bit-mapped image was saved to disk along with
some of the settings. Retrieved files must now be regenerated, but
they are a tiny fraction of the size of a bit-mapped image file.
1.01 Fixed garbled error messages for certain RPN stack errors.
1.0 Original Program
Plans for future releases include:
- Improved Conic Section module.
- A Polynomial Plotting module.
Plotting Programs
Page 15
Custom Distributions
The current release of WL-Plot comes with a single executable file,
WLPLOT.EXE, which contains all of the plotting modules. If for some
reason, you prefer to use the overlaid version or the stand alone version,
custom orders may be made. In general, overlaid programs require less
memory, but more disk space and take a bit longer to load. Overlaid
programs also required disk access even after the program has been loaded,
making the program run much slower on floppy drive and network systems.
Programs without overlays can be used with executable compression programs
such as PKLITE (tm), DIET, and LZEXE which can reduce the size of an
executable file to about half its original size. In order to allow WL-Plot
to fit on a single 360K floppy drive, the standard version executable file
has already been compressed with PKLITE ver. 1.15. Below is a summary of
the three different ways WL-Plot can be distributed.
.exe size required memory
VGA (CGA)
Combined Modules
(standard version) 125K 365K (340K)
(290K uncompressed)
Best version if the memory is available.
Combined Modules with Overlays
(w.o. version) 324K 260K (240K)
Requires more disk space, but less memory.
Stand Alone Modules
(s.a. version)
Functions 134K 235K (210K)
Conics 106K " "
Derivatives 135K " "
Relations 127K " "
Bifurcation 128K " "
Curve Fit 132K " " (140K with no graphics)
Requires least memory and disk space if only one program is used. This is
the only version that will work on computers with only 256K of memory.
This version is also valuable if being run from a 360K floppy drive since
each of the modules can be placed on a different disk.
To order a Custom Distribution, send the description of the desired
configuration and $15 to the address listed at the bottom of this file.
Plotting Programs
Page 16
In Closing
A special word of thanks goes to my Physics and Algebra II students who
unknowingly were my original beta testers. They are the reason I put these
programs together and made them publicly available.
Please Read!!!
These programs are intended for use in educational settings only. As a
teacher, my reward comes from knowing that my efforts have been fruitful.
Although donations would be appreciated, the only payment that I ask is
that each user send a letter or postcard letting me know that he/she is
using my program. Teachers may send a single letter with the names (or at
least the number) of students using the program each year. This serves no
purpose other than to give me a pat on the back and to let me know that I
have contributed to the education of more people than I could have reached
directly. (I call it ego-ware.)
If WL-Plot should prove useful to someone outside of an educational setting
(such as in a job or even research), a reasonable payment of $25 is
required. If anyone is interested in the source code, please contact me.
Copyright is retained by Wesley B. Loewer.
This program may not be sold without the expressed written consent of the
author. This program may not be included as part of a package with other
materials such as text books without written permission from the author.
All rights to this program belong to the author.
If you are a teacher and would like to swap ideas on how these programs can
be used in class, or if you are in the Houston area and are interested in
an inservice, feel free to contact me.
Please send questions, suggestions, and contributions to:
Wesley B. Loewer or Wesley B. Loewer
78 S. Circlewood Glen McCullough High School
The Woodlands, TX 77381 3800 S. Panther Creek Dr.
(713) 292-3449 The Woodlands, TX 77381
(713) 367-1025 ext. 251
Plotting Programs